At the present moment 2020 there were discovered over 6000 star forts using Google map technology.
There are a huge number of different styles and designs of starfort - and on closer examination, they clearly had various uses and functions.
Variety was very important to the civilisation that built the starforts, consequently there are many variations based on a common theme.
The most common 'types' (presumably for living in, use as residencies and outposts, places of worship maybe, etc) are listed below.
These designs are intermixable and interchangeable, but we have to start somewhere!
We are attempting to develop a more in-depth set of descriptions for the structures involved in the starfort phenomenon, so that we can all understand one another when we are talking about the various different types. It will also help us, long term, to understand which structures were used where - and perhaps their function - and that they may not be 'forts', at all!
Star
5-point
Example: Kastellet in Copenhagen, Denmark.
55°41'29.31" N 12°35'40.88" E
This lovely five-pointer still has it's original surrounding canal system intact. There are a quite a few of these still surving today, in many parts of the world - though most are no longer connected to the canal system they were originally a part of.
Five-pointers measure, on average, approx 250-400m from tip of one spear to the opposite side wall. Size can vary.
Almost always built on flatter ground with access to a main canal, they are also found in very close proximity to starcities, often forming the 'hedgehog' formation when attached to a starcity.
Star
4-point
Example: Holic in Slovakia.
48°48'31.61" N 17°09'24.57" E
A well preserved four-point example in Slovakia.
There are many different regional variations of four-pointers - for instance, they get very 'spiky' in Spain and more 'pointy' in Russia,
Star
Megalopolis
Example: Floriana in Malta.
35°53'35.84" N 14°30'19.11" E
A massive construction involving many, many different aspects of the star civilisation's buildings and styles.
Alas, some of it now underwater, we suspect!
StarHub
Example: Palmanova in Italy.
45°54'17.69" N 13°18'35.79" E
StarHubs have between 6 and 12 'points' i.e. Palmanova is a nine-point assymetric StarHub.
It will have been connected into the canal system in the same way everything else was within the star civilisation. You can actually walk around this city using GoogleEarth StreetView - check out where the canals used to be in what looks like the dried up moats surrounding the entire city. We know they're not moats though :)
Star Hedgehog
Example: St. Martin De Re in France.
46°12'10.09" N 1°21'55.73" W
A Hedgehog incorporates both a Starhub and a four or five point star structure.
Indonesia Star Fort.
Utrech Neederland
These are the structures associated with the Star Civilisation that are not starhubs, hedgehogs, castles, five point or four-point structures.
They were connected to the system by a series of canals, which ranged in size from hundreds of metres across right down to tiny irrigation tracts.
There are a large number of these structures (some are still described by the mainstream as 'forts'), with a multitude of shapes and sizes, but all of them bear the distinctive aesthetic look and feel of the star civilisation. As our knowledge of the star civilisation grows, more will become apparant - and we may be able to work out their particular functions.
Many more of them were still present throughout the world in the 1940's and 1950's than compared to today - although the overgrown remnents of many still exist if you know what to look for.
Canal System
The entire star civilisation was linked together by an enormous and complex system of canals. From massive canals that linked major star cities and megalopolis, to comparitively tiny ones that irrigated their crops - they were all part of an intricate, balanced and extremely effective means of transport and communication.
Later, many of the medium sized and smaller canals were filled in - and became the foundations for our road systems today.
There are a huge number of different styles and designs of starfort - and on closer examination, they clearly had various uses and functions.
Variety was very important to the civilisation that built the starforts, consequently there are many variations based on a common theme.
The most common 'types' (presumably for living in, use as residencies and outposts, places of worship maybe, etc) are listed below.
These designs are intermixable and interchangeable, but we have to start somewhere!
We are attempting to develop a more in-depth set of descriptions for the structures involved in the starfort phenomenon, so that we can all understand one another when we are talking about the various different types. It will also help us, long term, to understand which structures were used where - and perhaps their function - and that they may not be 'forts', at all!
Example: Kastellet in Copenhagen, Denmark.
55°41'29.31" N 12°35'40.88" EThis lovely five-pointer still has it's original surrounding canal system intact. There are a quite a few of these still surving today, in many parts of the world - though most are no longer connected to the canal system they were originally a part of.
Five-pointers measure, on average, approx 250-400m from tip of one spear to the opposite side wall. Size can vary.
Almost always built on flatter ground with access to a main canal, they are also found in very close proximity to starcities, often forming the 'hedgehog' formation when attached to a starcity.
Example: Holic in Slovakia.
48°48'31.61" N 17°09'24.57" EA well preserved four-point example in Slovakia.
There are many different regional variations of four-pointers - for instance, they get very 'spiky' in Spain and more 'pointy' in Russia,
Example: Floriana in Malta.
35°53'35.84" N 14°30'19.11" EA massive construction involving many, many different aspects of the star civilisation's buildings and styles.
Alas, some of it now underwater, we suspect!
Example: Palmanova in Italy.
45°54'17.69" N 13°18'35.79" EStarHubs have between 6 and 12 'points' i.e. Palmanova is a nine-point assymetric StarHub.
It will have been connected into the canal system in the same way everything else was within the star civilisation. You can actually walk around this city using GoogleEarth StreetView - check out where the canals used to be in what looks like the dried up moats surrounding the entire city. We know they're not moats though :)
Star Hedgehog
Example: St. Martin De Re in France.
46°12'10.09" N 1°21'55.73" WA Hedgehog incorporates both a Starhub and a four or five point star structure.
Indonesia Star Fort.
Utrech Neederland
Auxilliary structure at Utrecht, Netherlands
Advanced - the auxilliary structures, canal and crop systems that you may not have been aware were part of the Starfort civilisation.
These are the structures associated with the Star Civilisation that are not starhubs, hedgehogs, castles, five point or four-point structures.
They were connected to the system by a series of canals, which ranged in size from hundreds of metres across right down to tiny irrigation tracts.
There are a large number of these structures (some are still described by the mainstream as 'forts'), with a multitude of shapes and sizes, but all of them bear the distinctive aesthetic look and feel of the star civilisation. As our knowledge of the star civilisation grows, more will become apparant - and we may be able to work out their particular functions.
Many more of them were still present throughout the world in the 1940's and 1950's than compared to today - although the overgrown remnents of many still exist if you know what to look for.
Canal System
The entire star civilisation was linked together by an enormous and complex system of canals. From massive canals that linked major star cities and megalopolis, to comparitively tiny ones that irrigated their crops - they were all part of an intricate, balanced and extremely effective means of transport and communication.
Later, many of the medium sized and smaller canals were filled in - and became the foundations for our road systems today.
Romania
Palanca, Romania 1720
Severin, Romania c1800
Found this drawing from c1800 marked as Orsova - but there's no islands in the river around Orsova, but just down the river at Severin there's the mostly covered ruins of a starfort - 44°36'41.13" N 22°41'09.08" E - maybe it's that. Looks like quite a bit of it may have been washed away.Vienna, Austria 1780 1806
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